Дисфагия у пациентов домов престарелых: управление и результаты.
Nikolina Jukic Peladic, PhDa, Paolo Orlandoni, MDa, Giuseppina Dell'Aquila, MDb, Barbara Carrieri, MScb,c, Paolo Eusebi, PhDd, Francesco Landi, MD, PhDe, Stefano Volpato, MD, MPHf, Giovanni Zuliani, MDf, Fabrizia Lattanzio, MD, PhDg, Antonio Cherubini, MD, PhDb,∗,'Correspondence information about the author MD, PhD Antonio Cherubini
Источник: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association; Volume 20, Issue 2, February 2019, Pages 147-151
Цель исследования.
Определить распространенность дисфагии и связанных с ней факторов и исследовать влияние дисфагии и диетотерапии, проводимой у больных на клинические исходы (в том числе состояние питания больных, наличие пролежней, оценку госпитализации данной категории больных и смертность в исследуемой группе.
Тип исследования:
перспективное обсервационное исследование.
Материалы и методы:
Исследованы 1 490 постоянных жителей домов престарелых старше 65 лет. Были оценены на базовом уровне и повторно оценены через 6 и 12 месяцев.
Исследование: Все участники прошли стандартизированную комплексную оценку с использованием итальянской версии медсестринской шкалы минимального набора данных для дома престарелых.
Для оценки функционального состояния пациентов была использована Шкала повседневной жизнедеятельности для долгоживущих пациентов.
Мед.сестры оценивали дисфагию с использованием Шкалы клинической оценки.
Состояние питания пациента оценивалось с использованием информации о потере веса.
Полученные результаты:
- Распространенность дисфагии составила 12,8%, причем 16% испытуемых получали искусственное питание.
- Смертность у лиц с дисфагией была достоверно выше, чем у лиц без дисфагии (27,7% против 16,8%; Р = 0,05).0001).
- Распространенность потери веса и пролежней была также выше у пациентов с дисфагией.
- При дисперсии дисфагия не была связана с более высоким риском госпитализации.
Выводы.
Дисфагия часто встречается у жителей домов престарелых; она обуславливает более высокую смертность у пациентов по сравнению с контрольной группой.
Поэтому ранняя диагностика и оптимальное ведение дисфагии должны стать приоритетным вопросом в домах престарелых.
Товары, компенсирующие дисфагию и нарушение глотания доступны по ссылке.
Ссылка на оригинальное исследование: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1525861018304171
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